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? ? ? TẠI SAO CẦN HOÀN NGUYÊN HẠT CATION? ? ? ?
? ? Làm mềm nước là quá trình làm giảm các nồng độ ion Canxi và Magie đưa nước về đúng nồng độ tiêu chuẩn. Hàm lượng Ca và Mg cao làm ảnh hưởng đến đời sống của con người, hay mắc một số bệnh như: sỏi thận, sỏi mật…
? ? Hầu hết các nguồn nước ở Việt Nam đều bị tình trạng độ cứ cao, cụ thể là khi ta đun sôi nước thì sẽ xuất hiện các mảng bám trắng như vôi kết tủa dưới đáy các đồ vật chứa nước.
? ? Trong quá trình sử dụng nước sẽ đi qua cột lọc làm mềm nước tại đây xảy ra quá trình trao đổi ion làm mềm nước nhờ các hạt cation (hạt chứa ion tích điện dương). Các hạt này sẽ hấp thụ Ca2+ và Mg2+ khiến nước đầu ra sạch, giúp cho tình trạng cặn trắng bám tại các thiết bị sử dụng nước nữa.
? ? Trong quá trình hấp thụ lâu ngày như vậy thì các hạt cation hấp thụ nhiều các kim loại nặng sẽ ở tình trạng quá tải và khả năng hấp thụ các ion Ca2+ và Mg2+ giảm, các điện tích dương canxi sẽ bị hút và bám vào bề mặt của các hạt làm mềm( hát nhựa), nên chúng ta phải thực hiện quá trình hoàn nguyên muối (tái sinh) cho các hạt cation. Việc hoàn nguyên là cần thiết, đó là quá trình “tẩy” các ion dương ra khỏi bề mặt vật liệu lọc, giúp vật liệu lọc trở lại trạng thái trao đổi ion gần như ban đầu và giúp chúng làm việc như ban đầu.
? ? Hoàn nguyên là 1 thuật ngữ kỹ thuật để ám chỉ việc tái sinh hạt nhựa trao đổi ion trở lại trạng thái ban đầu.
? ? Muối viên tinh khiết được dùng để hoàn nguyên tái sinh nhựa trao đổi ion của hệ thống lọc.
? ? Hoàn nguyên cation trong thiết bị làm mềm
QUY TRÌNH HOÀN NGUYÊN
? ? Quá trình hoàn nguyên muối cho các hạt cation thực hiện được nhờ van điều khiển hoàn nguyên có khả năng hút muối dưới đây là quá trình chuẩn bị.
? ? Cần khoảng 30 – 40 lít dung dịch muối bão hòa (100 lít nước pha với khoảng 10 – 15kg muối tinh khiết) chứa trong thùng muối. Nước để pha sử dụng nước sạch lấy từ sau cột trao đổi ion bằng cách chuyển van hút muối sang chế độ “Brine Refill”, khi nước trong bình đạt đủ lượng yêu cầu thì chuyển van sang chế độ “Brine & Slow R”.
? ? Rửa muối: đặt van ở chế độ “Brine & Slow R” để muối hút từ bình muối vào cột lọc trao đổi ion, trong quá trình hút muối cần chú ý khi nào nước trong bình hút muối gần hết thì chuyển van sang chế độ “Back wash”.
? ? Hệ thống làm mềm nước hoàn nguyên bằng muối tinh khiết
CÁC BƯỚC HOÀN NGUYÊN BẰNG DUNG DỊCH MUỐI
? ? Chế độ “Back wash” là chế độ rửa ngược, nước đi trong cột theo chiều từ dưới lên và kéo lượng muối rửa trong cột trao đổi ion ra ngoài, quá trình này tiến hành trong khoảng 20 phút, sau đó chuyển van hút muối sang chế độ “Fast Rinse”.
? ? Trong chế độ “Fast Rinse”, nước vào cột theo chiều ngang và lôi kéo toàn bộ lượng muối còn lại trong cột ra ngoài, để chế độ này trong khoảng 10 phút. Khi công đoạn này kết thúc, quá trình hoàn nguyên đã xong, chuyển van hút muối sang chế độ “Service”- chế độ lọc, làm việc bình thường của van.
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